Grid-algorithm improvements for dense suspensions of discrete element particles in finite element fluid simulations

For homogeneous systems like classical fluid dynamics and structural mechanics, finite element method (FEM) grid generation has reached a mature state. On the other hand, for multi-physics-problems fluids with high density of immersed particles, many researchers may not even be aware types instabilities which triggered by unsuitable meshes. We review common generation, point out previously unrecognised particles in as well remedies to obtain particle-fluid simulations higher stability fewer redundant degrees freedom.